Computed Tomography: Processes, Uses And Risks
Computed tomography is a very useful test for the diagnosis of many diseases. Indeed, it makes it possible to obtain precise images of the internal organs. What is its process? What are the risks ?
Imaging exams such as arteriography and x-rays are very helpful in evaluating the internal structures of the body. Another widely used method is computed tomography (or scanner) which scans the body from different angles through x-rays, creating cross sections.
Computed tomography is a non-invasive scanning method that generates a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of an individual’s internal structure. This procedure is widely used in medicine to assess internal lesions. However, other fields such as industry and geology also employ it.
Multiple research places tomography as one of the most prescribed study methods today. This exam has evolved since its introduction in 1971. It has effectively gone from displaying brain images to being able to scan any anatomical region.
What is assessed in a computed tomography scan?
The imaging examination in question has wide application in various fields of medicine. For example, oncology, cardiology and trauma. It can also be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with different clinical settings. In addition, it is very useful for planning radiation therapy.
Computer-assisted tomography shows the condition of soft organs and bone tissue. In other words, it is possible to assess the liver, kidneys or brain as well as the bones that surround them. This allows many alterations to be detected with precision.
On the other hand, it is the most used method in the evaluation of different cancers because it confirms the presence and location of a tumor. It is also possible to study the characteristics of this tumor, in particular its size and its extension to neighboring tissues.
Computed tomography is also used in the study of spinal injuries and the assessment of bone density. Finally, it plays an essential role in the exploration of the head, and makes it possible to detect brain hemorrhages.
Prior preparation
Computed tomography is a very quick and minimally invasive procedure. It is therefore not useful to prepare thoroughly in advance. However, it is important to wear comfortable clothes as it is possible to take them off to put on a medical gown.
Likewise, metallic objects can alter the image, resulting in unreliable results. In this regard, you must remove the earrings, glasses, rings, piercings, dentures, or any other metal object on you.
In some people, it may be necessary to apply a contrast medium to better assess a particular area. If this is your case, it is recommended that you do not eat or drink anything in the hours preceding the procedure. You should also tell your doctor if you have an allergy.
Pregnant women and patients with heart, kidney or thyroid disease should also inform the specialist. All of these situations increase the likelihood of suffering from adverse effects during the examination. In the specific case of pregnant women, it is even a contraindication.
How is a computer-assisted tomography performed?
The specialist will ask you to undress and put on a medical gown. Otherwise, you will have to wear loose clothing without any type of metal fastener. If a contrast medium is needed, it will be administered orally, intravenously or through an enema.
In addition, the scanner is a large machine in the shape of a donut , with a bed and a central tunnel. The doctor will then ask you to lie on your back. In some cases, on the side or on the stomach. The bed can be fitted with straps and cushions to maintain the correct position.
At the start of the scan, the bed moves quickly to determine the area to be examined. Then he slows down to take the prints. Sometimes the machine can make more than one pass.
During the examination, it is important to avoid movements as they can cause errors in the impression, called artefacts . You may also be asked to hold your breath for a few seconds.
Once the exam is finished, you have to wait a while for the doctor to confirm that the images are of good quality. The results are ready in no time and the exam usually takes around 30 minutes.
Possible complications and risks
Among the short-term risks associated with performing a CT scan, one can distinguish anxiety attacks. This is very common in people who suffer from claustrophobia as well as young children. They are usually given a mild sedative beforehand.
In addition, this test also exposes patients to a type of radiation called ionizing radiation . Some studies link high doses of this type of energy to the development of cell mutations. However, scanners use very low levels.
Despite the radiation emitted, computed tomography is a very common and safe examination. Indeed, the benefits outweigh the risks. However, specialists must first exhaust options that emit less radiation before resorting to them.
Understanding the results of a computed tomography scan
Within minutes of the examination, the radiologist reviews the corresponding results. The images are usually stored in a digital file. They are therefore displayed on a computer screen.
On the other hand, the radiologist is the specialist responsible for supervising and interpreting the examinations. It is therefore able to detect any anomaly. Once the results have been analyzed, he will write a report which will then be submitted to the attending physician.
A procedure that presents more benefits than risks
Computed tomography is an imaging test that uses simultaneous X-rays to look at soft organs and bone tissue. However, it subjects people to radiation up to 100 times greater than conventional x-rays. This can present long term risks.
The risks are greater in children because their cells reproduce faster. Nevertheless, this test continues to be used in the detection of many diseases since the benefits outweigh the risks.
